|
| location map = Poland | map caption = | latd = 53 | latm = 14 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 20 | longm = 11 | longs = | longEW = E | coordinates type = type:landmark | coordinates display = inline,title | known for = Forced labor camp | location = Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany | operated by = ''Schutzstaffel'' | inmates = Around 30,000 | killed = 10,000 | box width = }} The Soldau concentration camp established by Nazi Germany during World War II was a concentration camp for Polish and Jewish prisoners in Działdowo ((ドイツ語:Soldau)), a town in north-eastern Poland, which after the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 was annexed into the Province of East Prussia.〔 The camp was founded in the former Polish Army barracks by ''SS-Brigadeführer'' Otto Rasch with the approval of Reinhard Heydrich. The first prisoners were brought in already at the end of September 1939. They were the Polish Army defenders of the Modlin Fortress who were forced to capitulate due to lack of ammunition and food. The camp served different purposes throughout its existence. The Polish intelligentsia, priests and political prisoners were secretly executed there,〔Henry Friedlander (1995). ''The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution'', p. 139. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4675-9.〕 on top of 1,558 patients of all psychiatric hospitals in the district. It also served as a transit center for deportations from East Prussia to the semi-colonial General Government and for slave labour to the Reich. Intended as temporary – for the initial 1,000 inmates – the camp soon became permanent and rezoned as an ''Arbeitserziehungslager'' for the civilians brought in from across the new German Zichenau (region).〔 Some 10,000–13,000 prisoners died there, out of the total number of 30,000.〔Marek Przybyszewski, (IBH Opracowania - Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej (Działdowo as centre of local administration). ) Internet Archive, 22 October 2010.〕〔Browning, p. 34〕 After the war the camp was first classified by the International Tracing Service (ITS) as an ''Vernichtungslager'' (extermination camp) due to its sheer number of victims. ==Camp history== The town of Działdowo was located in the part of occupied Poland which was annexed to the Third Reich. The first civilian prisoners arrived in trucks and in trains from the towns on the Polish–East Prussian border, evicted from their homes by the Nazis in an attempt to ethnically cleanse the area of non-Germans entirely. Also, the camp conducted early experiments in gassing. In accordance with Action T4, mental patients at sanatoria in East Prussia and ''Regierungsbezirk Zichenau'' were taken to the Soldau camp; 1,558 patients were murdered by the Lange Commando in a gas van from May 21 to June 8, 1940.〔''The Simon Wiesenthal Center''. "(Responses to Revisionist Arguments )". Accessed November 28, 2006.〕〔''Jewish Virtual Library''. "(The Development of the Gas-Van in the Murdering of the Jews )". Accessed November 28, 2006.〕 Lange used his experience with exhaust gasses acquired at Soldau in setting up the Chelmno extermination camp thereafter.〔 There were no toilet barracks, only two holes in the ground with boards put across each, out in the open. An epidemic of typhus broke out killing six German guards among countless prisoners. During the summer of 1941, the Soldau camp was reorganized as an ''Arbeitserziehungslager'' (literally "work education camp"). The labor camp's prisoners, split between separate sub-camps, were engaged in forced agricultural labor and in construction. The camp was closed in January 1945.〔''Keom.de''. "(Deutschland – ein Denkmal – ein Forschungsauftrag 1996 bis... )". Accessed November 28, 2006.〕 Some 13,000 prisoners out of 30,000 perished according to Polish official estimates.〔 The mass killings were conducted in the Białucki Forest (''Las Białucki'') spread over several hundred hectares. There was a road leading to it, built by the prisoners themselves. The victims were trucked in to the execution site. There was a small barracks for the awaiting ''SS'' shooters built in the forest along with five large pits on the right side of the road. Modern research suggests that the number of victims might have been greater than originally thought, reaching up to 20,000 people. Among them were not only Poles and Jews imprisoned at Soldau, but also Soviet POWs and even condemned Germans. At the end of 1944 dozens of Jews were brought in to incinerate corpses. All of them were massacred thereafter.〔( Mroczna historia Lasu Białuckiego. ) Tworzymy aby żyć, żyjemy aby tworzyć. 14 September 2011. 〕〔Pasjoniści, ( Rok Męczenników w Polskiej Prowincji Pasjonistów ) (PDF file, direct download 5.77 MB) ''Słowo Krzyża'' 4 (2010), Warsaw. ISSN 1897 - 7618. Pages: 8–9. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soldau concentration camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|